Physiology of Hydronephrosis

Polyuria-associated hydronephrosis induced by xenobiotic chemical exposure in mice.

Hydronephrosis is a commonly found disease state characterized by the dilation of renal calices and pelvis, resulting in the loss of kidney function in the severest cases. A generally accepted etiology of hydronephrosis involves the obstruction of urine flow along the urinary tract. In the recent years, we have developed a mouse model of hydronephrosis induced by lactational exposure to dioxin ...

Impaired EphA4 signaling leads to congenital hydronephrosis, renal injury, and hypertension.

Experimental hydronephrosis induced by partial ureteral obstruction at 3 wk of age causes hypertension and renal impairment in adult rats and mice. Signaling by Ephrin receptors (Eph) and their ligands (ephrins) importantly regulates embryonic development. Genetically modified mice, where the cytoplasmic domain of the EphA4 receptor has been substituted by enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ep...

The physiology of hydronephrosis.

One-Year Follow-Up of Radiologic and Clinical Findings in Children with Prenatal and Neonatal Hydronephrosis

Background & Aims: Hydronephrosis is a common problem in prenatal and newborn infants diagnosed by ultrasonography. Bladder to ureter reflux, the upper or lower urinary tract obstruction, and neurogenic bladder are the most common causes of hydronephrosis in newborns and infants. Methods: In this study, 100 neonates and infants with hydronephrosis were observed clinically and laboratorically fo...

SOD1 deficiency causes salt sensitivity and aggravates hypertension in hydronephrosis.

Hydronephrosis causes renal dysfunction and salt-sensitive hypertension, which is associated with nitric oxide deficiency and abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. We investigated the role of oxidative stress for salt sensitivity and for hypertension in hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was induced in superoxide dismutase 1-transgenic (SOD1-tg), SOD1-deficient (SOD1-ko), and wild-type...

Autonomic control of the heart is altered in Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous hydronephrosis.

The renal medulla plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, through interactions with the autonomic nervous system. Hydronephrosis is characterized by substantial loss of renal medullary tissue. However, whether alterations in autonomic control of the heart are observed in this condition is unknown. Thus we assessed resting hemodynamics and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for control o...